In the end, students must know operating principles of machines used to convey a fluid in a wide range of industrial applications. Students must know the different components of these machines and flow kinematics and energy transfers within them. Students must be able to scale and adapt the machine to the fluid network.
Learning objectives
- Have a better undertanding of difference between positive displacement machines and rotodynamic machines
- Identify various types of pumps and turbines and undertsand how they work
- Perform basic vector analysis of the flow into and out of pumps and turbines
- Apply dimensional analysis to design new pumps or turbines that are geometrically similar to existing pumps or turbines
- Use specific speed for preliminary design and selection of pumps and turbines
- Have a better understanding of pumps and fan performances curves
- Know how to adapt a pump or fan to piping network
- Have a better understanding of cavitation phenomenon
- Know several fudamental problems using pumps and fans (cavitation, self priming conditions, flow rate control, pressure balancing) and know how to solve them
- Identify the different types of wind turbines
Learning context
This course complements the Dynamics of real fluids' course. The additions made are prerequisites for the courses : heating, air conditioning and Energy conversion/transform 2.
Course materials
- Handout (course and oral lecture note)
- online course available (videos, exercises with correction)
Prerequisites
Fluid mechanics
Course content
I- Displacement machines
A- Rotary positive displacement machines - positive displacement machines
B- Operating Characteristic
II- Turbomachinery
A- Classification
B- Kinematics and Mechanisms of energy exchanges
C- Basic theory of turbomachinery (Euler Rateau theory)
D- Work indicated and net work
E- Hydraulic Turbomachinery
III- Turbopumps and turbofans
A- Description of centrifugal pumps
B- Structure of the flow in the rotor
C- Performances curves
D- Energy losses – real performances curves
E- Axial machines - Special features of the flow
F- Description of fans
G- Centrifugal and axial fans
IV- Similarity of turbomachinery
A- Dimensional analysis
B- Operating in similar machines.
C- Limitations of the laws of similarity
V- Operating problems
A- Cavitation - Cavitation Effects
B- Concept of net positive suction head (NPSH)
C- Operating point of a pump
D- Pump Group
E- Adptating flow rate
F- Pump priming problem
G- Operating Stability
H- Hydraulic Networks - Network balancing Problem
VI- Introduction of hydraulic turbines and wind turbines
A- Reaction turbines Francis wheel
B- Reaction turbines - Kaplan wheel
C- Impulse turbines - Pelton turbine
D- Classification
E- General information on wind turbines
Personal work
At the beginning of each course, students will be able to summarize the main ideas of the previous courses.
Personal work on the course materials online and also with the handout.
Personal work on exercises from the elements given in the handout, but also with the media available online.
